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OZONE GENERATORS FOR AIR AND WATER TREATMENT

What Is Ozone?

Ozone is a highly reactive and unstable form of oxygen. Ozone is made up of three oxygen atoms together, written as O3. It is called activated tri-atomic oxygen. It is a gas and is denser than air. Ozone is the second most powerful sterilant in the world and it destroys bacteria, viruses and odors. Ozone is nature’s way of purifying the air we breathe. It is the distinctive “electric” odour smelled during and after thunderstorms. Ozone derives from the Greek word ozein, which means to smell. If natural ozone ceased to exist, life on this planet would also cease to exist.

Ozone (O3), also known as superoxide, is an allotrope of oxygen (O2), which is a light blue gas with a special odor at normal temperature. Ozone is mainly distributed in the stratospheric atmosphere at a height of 10 to 50 km, and the maximum value is between 20 and 30 km.

In 1840, Christian Friedrich Schönbeindiscovered that a special odor gas was released when electrolyzing dilute sulfuric acid, so it was named ozone. Under normal temperature and pressure, the stability is poor, and it can be decomposed into oxygen by itself. Ozone has the taste of grass, and inhalation is beneficial to the human body. Excessive inhalation has certain harm to human health. Non-flammable, pure. Oxygen can be changed to ozone by electric shock.

Ozone can be used to purify air, bleach drinking water, sterilize, treat industrial waste and act as a bleaching agent. In the summer, due to the influence of industrial and automobile exhaust gases, especially in the agricultural and forestry areas around large cities, ozone will form and accumulate on the surface. Surface ozone has erosive and damaging effects on the human body, especially on the eyes and respiratory tract. Surface ozone is also harmful to crops or forests. So far, a consensus has been reached and a lot of work has been done on the positive effects of ozone and what measures humans should take to protect the ozone layer. However, although the negative effects of the ozone layer have been recognized, there has been no practical way to solve the problem except for atmospheric monitoring and air pollution forecasting.

How Does Ozonation Work?

Ozone is a gas and it is only slightly soluble in water. It must be thoroughly mixed in water to help dissolve it. Only in the dissolved state can the chemical reactions with contaminants can take place. The most common way in drinking water is with a venturi injector. The injector’s diameter is smaller in the middle so water traveling into the injector begins to move faster. In the middle of the injector, there is a small hole. As water is pumped past the hole, a vacuum is created. The amount of vacuum is dependent on the amount of water flow through the injector – more water equals more vacuum. If a small flexible hose or tube is attached to this small hole, a liquid or gas can be drawn into the injector and mixed into the water. The goal is to make the smallest bubbles possible and to keep the bubbles in contact with the water for as long as possible. The ozone that does get dissolved will kill or oxidize anything in the water.

The Benefits of Ozone

Ozone sterilization is considered to be one of the most effective water treatment methods for disinfection. Ozone disinfection is extremely powerful, with strong bactericidal power and a broad bacterial spectrum. It can kill bacteria and viruses.

The ozone sterilization mechanism uses oxidation to destroy the structure of the microbial membrane to achieve sterilization. Ozone first acts on the cell membrane, causing damage to the constituent components of the membrane, leading to metabolic disorders. Ozone continues to penetrate through the membrane to destroy lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides in the membrane, change the permeability of cells, and cause cell lysis and death. The ozone inactivation of viruses is thought to be done by directly destroying their ribonucleic acid RNA or deoxyribonucleic acid DNA substances.

Additional chemicals are not needed, therefore saving costs, including containing no danger of overdosing. Ozone can be quickly decomposed into oxygen, which will not produce secondary pollution. It is called a “clean disinfectant”. Therefore, the user will not cause harm.

Ozone disinfection technology can be used for drinking water, seawater, sewage treatment, and can also be used for disinfection of environmental objects, etc. It has a wide range of applications and is called a “universal disinfectant” Mixing ozone in water for disinfection is simple but effective, destroying 99.99% of harmful microorganisms without adding any chemicals to the water.

In addition to sterilization, ozone can also deodorize, decolor, and remove iron oxide, phenol, and manganese.

Ozone absorbs most of the ultraviolet rays released by the sun, protecting animals and plants from such rays. Ozone sterilization ability is not affected by PH value change and ammonia. Its sterilization ability is 600-3000 times larger than chlorine. Its sterilization and disinfection action occur almost instantaneously. When the ozone concentration in water is up to 0.3-2mg/L., the bacteria can be killed within 0.5-1 min. To achieve the same sterilization effect (such as killing E. coli 99%), the amount of ozone water required is only 0.0048% of chlorine. Ozone can also oxidize and decompose pollutants in water, and has significant effects on odor removal, decolorization, sterilization, removal of phenol, cyanide, iron, manganese, and reduction of COD and BOD in water treatment.

Ozone is one of the strongest known oxidants. It can be used to technically burn dissolved compounds (oxidation). The extra oxygen radical in an ozone molecule quickly binds to each component that comes in contact with ozone molecules. This is because of the instability of ozone and its inclination to return to its original form (O2). Both organic and inorganic substances may be oxidized by ozone (oxidation), but also microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi (disinfection). This causes the extra oxygen radical to be released from the ozone molecule and to bind to other materials, so that only pure and stable oxygen molecules (O2) are left. The largest benefit of zone is its pure character. It only oxidizes substances, and as a result byproduct formation rarely occurs.

Ozone sterilization is a bacteriostatic method. It is completely sterilized, has no residue, and has a broad spectrum of sterilization. It can kill bacterial propagules and spores, viruses, fungi, etc., and can destroy botulinum toxin. In addition, O3 also has a strong killing effect on mold. O3 is quickly decomposed into oxygen or a single oxygen atom due to its poor stability. A single oxygen atom can combine itself into oxygen molecules without any toxic residues. Therefore, O3 is a non-polluting disinfectant. O3 is a gas that can quickly diffuse into the entire sterilization space, and there is no dead angle for sterilization. The traditional sterilization and disinfection methods, whether UV or chemical fumigation, have incomplete, dead angles, heavy workload, residual pollution or odor, and may damage human health. If UV disinfection is used, there is no effect in places where light is not exposed, and there are disadvantages such as decline, weak penetration, and short service life. Chemical fumigation methods also have shortcomings, such as bacteria and viruses that are highly resistant to medicinal properties, and the bactericidal effect is not obvious.

The speed and effect of ozone sterilization are unparalleled. Its high oxidation-reduction potential determines its wide application in oxidation, decolorization, and deodorization. Some people have pointed out that ozone dissolves in water and can kill almost all harmful substances in the water. For example, iron, manganese, chromium, sulfate, phenol, benzene, oxides, etc., can also decompose organic matter and kill algae. The ozone disinfection method has the following characteristics compared with the conventional sterilization method:

High efficiency. Ozone disinfection is based on air and does not require any other auxiliary materials and additives. The body is well inclusive, thoroughly sterilized, and has a strong function of removing odor, such as mildew, cockroach, and odor.
High cleanliness. The rapid decomposition of ozone into oxygen is a unique advantage of ozone as sterilization. Ozone is produced by using oxygen in the air. During the disinfection process, excess oxygen is combined into oxygen molecules after 30 minutes, and there is no residue, which solves the secondary pollution problem caused by the disinfectant disinfection method, and saves the problem. Clean again after disinfection.
Convenience. Ozone sterilizers are typically installed in cleanrooms or in air purification systems or sterilization rooms (eg, ozone sterilizers, transfer windows, etc.). According to the sterilization concentration and time verified by the commissioning, the time and opening time of the sterilizer are set, and the operation is convenient.
Economic. Compared with the use and operation of many pharmaceutical industries and medical and health units, ozone disinfection methods have great economic and social benefits compared with other methods. In today's rapid industrial development, environmental issues are particularly important, while ozone disinfection avoids secondary pollution from other sterilization methods.

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Why Ozone Technology

Comparison of ozone and other disinfection techniques.

The disinfection technologies currently used mainly include ozone, liquid chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ultraviolet light. The secondary pollution caused by liquid chlorine disinfection and the stimulation of the residual chlorine on the human body has led to the application of other sterilization methods without similar problems. Among them, ozone, ultraviolet light and chlorine dioxide are the most important disinfection methods. The effects and advantages and disadvantages of various sterilization methods are shown in the table.

Project	Liquid chlorine	Carbon dioxide	Ultraviolet light	Ozone
Processing time	10~30 minutes	Slightly faster than liquid chlorine	Minimum	5~10 minutes
Effectiveness against bacteria	Have	Have	Have	Have
Validity of the virus	Some	Some	Some	Have
Equipment investment	Lowest	Higher than liquid chlorine, much lower than other methods	Higher than ozone	5 times than the liquid chlorine
Operating expenses	Lowest	Higher than liquid chlorine, slightly lower than other methods	Similar to ozone	Higher than liquid chlorine
Advantage	1. Cheap 2. Mature technology 3. Protective residual chlorine 4. Has the ability to continue sterilization	1. Cheap 2. Can be manufactured on site, mature technology 3. Has continuous sterilization ability	Fast bactericidal effect	1. Color removal and deodorant fast 2. Broad-spectrum sterilization, disinfection efficiency is 15 times than that of chlorine disinfection 3.No secondary pollution
Disadvantage	1. Invalid for the virus 2. Its oxidative is harmful to the human body 3. Has a pungent odor and damages human skin	1. Invalid for the virus 2. Gaseous chlorine dioxide is a highly toxic compound that is harmful to the human body and has the same carcinogenic secondary pollutants as liquid chlorine.	1. The price is expensive 2. No continuous sterilization ability 3. High requirements for pretreatment of water 4. Weak penetration	1. The price is expensive 2. No continuous sterilization ability 3. High security requirements
Suitable type	All types of sewage treatment or water treatment	1. All types of sewage treatment 2. All types of water treatment	1. Not suitable for sewage treatment 2. Simple air sterilization	1. Sterilization and disinfection for water treatment in all occasions 2. Air disinfection 3. The surface disinfection of the device

As can be seen from the above table, ozone is similar to ultraviolet light in terms of the effectiveness of sterilization, but the application range of ozone is wider than that of ultraviolet light. In terms of equipment investment and operating costs, ozone ≈ UV > chlorine dioxide > liquid chlorine. However, according to the overall evaluation of various disinfection methods, ozone is a very good method of sterilization.

1. Better than chemical disinfection method:

Ozone as a high-efficiency broad-spectrum non-residue gas disinfectant has special advantages over the disinfectant commonly used in the food industry. Compared with peroxyacetic acid, potassium permanganate, formaldehyde (formalin), sulfur dioxide and other chemical disinfectants, its bactericidal ability is comparable to that of peracetic acid, higher than other disinfectants.

Ozone decomposes itself into oxygen, which does not cause residual pollution. It does not need ventilation and ventilation after disinfection. Conventional disinfection requires ventilation or chemical neutralization, which is troublesome and reduces the disinfection effect. Ozone can directly sterilize or prevent mildew and keep fresh food. It is easy to dry and dry. Ozone sterilization concentration is a very weak oxidative concentration for foods and is not harmful to food.

2. Better than ultraviolet radiation

Ozone penetrates everywhere, without dead ends. Ultraviolet light only has a bactericidal effect when it is irradiated onto the surface of the object and reaches a certain level of irradiation intensity. The food workshop is generally tall, resulting in insufficient ultraviolet radiation intensity, especially at a long distance, and the illumination produces a large dead angle, such as the lower part of the processing plate. Ozone is a gas, strong in permeability, good in diffusivity, uniform in concentration, no dead angle

 Fast sterilization speed. UV irradiation sterilization requires a long period of action, generally more than 6 hours of irradiation, and ozone that meets the standard concentration only needs to be turned on for more than 1 hour.

 Better sterilization under high humidity. When the relative humidity of the environment reaches 60% or more, the disinfection effect drops sharply. When the humidity reaches 80% or more, the bacteria can be revived. The opposite is true for ozone, the higher the humidity, the better the bactericidal effect. This is due to the thinning of the cell membrane under high humidity and the destruction of its structure by ozone. This property is particularly suitable for the high humidity environment prevalent in the food industry.

 Has a low concentration cleaning function. When the ultraviolet light is irradiated, the production personnel must leave the site. After the irradiation is completed, the low-power ultraviolet radiation cannot be used for cleaning. When the ozone is disinfected, the production personnel must leave the site. After the disinfection is completed, the amount of ozone can be reduced, and the ozone concentration in accordance with the national health standard can be continued. Keep the air in the production hall clean.

3. Deodorizing and purifying effect is excellent

Ozone relies on its strong oxidizing properties to rapidly decompose organic or inorganic substances that produce odor and other odors, and then deodorizes the odorous root-derived substances into harmless substances. For example oxidation of ammonia to carbon dioxide and water.

It is mainly composed of raw material gas (compressed air or oxygen) supply system, ozone generator main unit, ozone delivery system, ozone generator cooling system, and so on.

The concentration of ozone in the air source can reach 3~6%wt, and the oxygen source can reach 6~14%wt.

Applications Of Ozone Generator

Common Problems with Ozone

Low concentrations of ozone can be sterilized. Generally, the ozone concentration in forest areas can reach 0.1ppm, but ozone exceeding the standard is an invisible killer!

It strongly stimulates the respiratory tract, causing sore throat, chest tightness, and cough, bronchitis, and emphysema;

Ozone can damage vitamin E in human skin, causing wrinkles and dark spots on human skin;

Ozone can cause human neurotoxicity, dizziness, headache, decreased vision, and memory loss;

Ozone and organic waste gas generated by the toner of the copier are strong carcinogens, which can cause various cancers and cardiovascular diseases.

Ozone can also destroy the body's immune function, induce lymphocyte chromosomal lesions, accelerate aging, and cause pregnant women to have deformed children;

Ozone Generator Videos

How Does An Ozone Generator Work?

Ozone generators produce ozone by breaking apart oxygen (O₂) molecules into single atoms, which then attach to other oxygen molecules in the air to form ozone (O₃). They accomplish this in one of two ways, according to the International Association of Certified Indoor Air Consultants (InterNACHI).

Ozone generators work by:

Silent corona discharge: These machines use the electric discharge to produce ozone by splitting the normal oxygen molecules in the air into single atoms. These atoms then attach to other O₂ molecules in the air to form ozone (O₃).
Ultraviolet radiation: This process of ozone generation is similar to how the sun’s ultraviolet radiation splits O₂ to form individual oxygen atoms. According to InterNACHI, this process is considered to be less efficient than corona discharge.

Why are ozone generators used to purify the air?

If ozone is so dangerous, then why would anyone use it to purify the air inside a home? As discussed above, ozone is highly reactive and can change the chemical composition of some substances in the air. This principle forms the basis of manufacturers’ claims.

Companies who sell ozone generators may suggest that ozone is a healthy kind of oxygen, using terms like “activated oxygen” or “pure air,” though ozone is actually a toxic gas that is not the “same as air” like manufacturers may claim. Ozone-generating devices are often marketed as odor removers. Ultimately, they are used to remove organic compounds from the air. However, given its danger to health, it would be wise to use an ozone generator only if there are clear benefits.